Master's Thesis: Simulation-Based Assessment of Fault Behavior and Protection Challenges in Medium-Voltage AC Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Inverter-Based Re-sources

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R&D Team Lead

Your Role And Responsibilities

The increasing deployment of inverter-based resources (IBRs), such as photovoltaic systems, battery energy storage systems, and renewable generation, is fundamentally changing the fault behavior of medium voltage AC (MVAC) distribution networks. Unlike conventional synchronous generators, power electronic converters typically limit their fault current contribution, making fault characteristics highly dependent on converter control algorithms and operating conditions. In addition, bidirectional power flow introduced by distributed energy resources can challenge conventional protection schemes.

This Master’s thesis aims to investigate the fault behavior of grid-connected converters through simulation studies. The work will evaluate converter responses during different fault types, including phase-to-phase and ground faults, considering varying fault locations, converter locations, network strength, and grounding systems.

Particular focus will be placed on comparing grid-following and grid-forming control concepts and assessing how different control parameters influence fault current characteristics. Parameters of interest include current limits, fault ride-through settings, voltage and frequency control loops, virtual inertia, and droop control settings. The resulting fault currents, voltage profiles, and sequence components will be analyzed to understand their impact on conventional protection functions such as overcurrent, directional, and earth fault protection.

The outcome of the thesis will provide improved insight into the behavior of converters during network disturbances and contribute to the development of protection strategies for future converter-dominated MVAC distribution systems.

Period: January - June 2027

Number of credits: 30 hp / ECTS

Number of students: 1

Location: Västerås

Tasks

Conduct a literature review on fault types, relay protection functions and converter topologies and control with particular focus on fault scenarios.Utilize simulation tools (e.g., Matlab Simulink, and/or PSCAD) to model various faults and the resulting behavior of mixed resources considering:Different grounding conceptsConverter control strategies and relevant control parameters (The ABB converter models will be provided.)Various grid topologies and converter ratings and locations.

Prepare a detailed report documenting all methodologies, findings, and conclusions. Possible publication.Optional extension:Investigate how different protection algorithms are affected by the resulting fault currents.

Preferred Background

Enrolled in a Master’s program in Electrical Engineering or related fields. Experience in power system modeling tools, or electrical circuit simulation tools like Matlab Simulink or PSCAD.Familiarity with some control theory is advantageous.The ideal candidate will be self-motivated, analytical, well-organized, and possess a strong curiosity for research and innovation.

More About Us In case you have questions, please contact Anna Huwyler, [email protected]

A future opportunity

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